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HSwMS John Ericsson
HSwMS ''John Ericsson'' was the lead ship of the monitors built for the Royal Swedish Navy in the mid-1860s. She was designed under the supervision of the Swedish-born inventor, John Ericsson, and built in Sweden. ''John Ericsson'' made one foreign visit to Russia in 1867, but remained in Swedish or Norwegian waters (at the time, Sweden and Norway were united in personal union) for the rest of her career. The ship was reconstructed between 1892 and 1895, but generally remained in reserve. She was mobilized during World War I and sold in 1919 for conversion to a barge.
==Design and description==
The ''John Ericsson''-class ironclads were designed to meet the need of the Swedish and Norwegian navies for small, shallow-draft armored ships capable of defending their coastal waters. The standoff between and the much larger during the Battle of Hampton Roads in early 1862 roused much interest in Sweden in this new type of warship as it seemed ideal for coastal defense duties. John Ericsson, designer and builder of the ''Monitor'', had been born in Sweden, although he had become an American citizen in 1848, and offered to share his design with the Swedes. In response they sent Lieutenant John Christian d'Ailly to the United States to study monitor design and construction under Ericsson. D'Ailly arrived in July 1862 and toured rolling mills, gun foundries, and visited several different ironclads under construction. He returned to Sweden in 1863 having completed the drawings of a ''Monitor''-type ship under Ericsson's supervision.〔Harris, pp. 22–24〕
The ship measured long overall, with a beam of . She had a draft of and displaced .〔 ''John Ericsson'' was divided into nine main compartments by eight watertight bulkheads. Over time a flying bridge and, later, a full superstructure, was added to each ship between the gun turret and the funnel.〔Bjoerud, p. 169〕 Initially her crew numbered 80 officers and men, but this increased to 104 as she was modified with additional weapons.〔Harris, p. 26〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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